—— SUSTAINABLE TOURISM • BALI, INDONESIA • 2026
Paradise under pressure — and fighting back.
Bali welcomed over 7 million international visitors in 2025. The island is stunning. It is also strained. Water tables are falling. Landfills are full. Plastic washes onto beaches every monsoon. But 2026 marks a turning point — bolder policy, stronger NGOs, and a clear shift from mass tourism to regenerative travel.
7M+
International visitors • 20253,436T
Tonnes of waste • per day>50m
Water table drop • some areas
$19.2M
Tourism levy collected • 2024
— THE SITUATION IN 2026
Bali’s tourism crossroads
Tourism built modern Bali. It also pushed the island to its ecological limits. Since the 1980s, Bali has lost an estimated 10 km² of irrigated rice fields annually to development. Half its 400 rivers have dried up. Its primary landfill, Suwung, reached full capacity after 40 years — and 40% of daily waste is still burned or dumped illegally.
Yet 2026 marks a genuine policy shift. Governor Wayan Koster has enacted some of Indonesia’s toughest environmental regulations. A new single-use plastics ban is being enforced across hotels, malls, and government offices. New 2026 visitor screening measures aim to attract quality tourists over volume. And a Tourism 5.0 regenerative framework — going beyond sustainability to actively restore what mass tourism degraded — is now national policy for Bali.
Sustainable tourism and the global development framework
Global Development — redyellowblue.org/global-development/ Global Development in Bali — bali.international/global-development/
— THREE CORE CHALLENGES
What is actually under threat
Bali’s sustainability story has three interlocking crises. Each feeds the others. All three require systemic solutions — not just awareness campaigns.
1.2M
The plastic waste crisis
Bali generates 1.2 million tonnes of waste annually. Its main landfill is full. Each monsoon season, rivers deliver tonnes of plastic to beaches overnight. Indonesia is the world’s second-largest ocean plastic polluter. Plastic bags alone account for 14–18% of all river waste collected by Sungai Watch.
>50m
The water crisis
Bali’s water table has dropped more than 50 metres in some areas. 65% of fresh water goes to tourism — hotels, pools, and golf courses. Half of Bali’s 400 rivers have dried up. The average tourist uses 2,000–4,000 litres of water per day. Local farmers and households compete for what remains.
80%
Economic dependence on tourism
Tourism accounts for 80% of Bali’s GDP. This concentration is a structural fragility. COVID-19 proved it catastrophically — arrivals collapsed, and Bali’s economy collapsed with them. The Kerthi Bali Roadmap 2045 exists specifically to diversify away from this single-sector dependency.
3.72%
Economic dependence on tourism
Bali records the lowest poverty rate in Indonesia at 3.72% (March 2025), down from 4.25% in 2023. The tourism economy, for all its problems, has lifted living standards significantly. But inequality persists — and development benefits remain concentrated in South Bali.
— THREE CORE CHALLENGES
What is actually under threat
Bali’s sustainability story has three interlocking crises. Each feeds the others. All three require systemic solutions — not just awareness campaigns.
The 2018–2025 plastic ban journey
Gubernatorial Regulation 97/2018 banned plastic bags, Styrofoam, and straws — and reduced household plastic bag use by roughly 57%. A decade later, plastic bags still appear among the top three waste items in river cleanups. In April 2025, Governor Koster went further: Circular Letter No. 9 of 2025 banned single-use plastic bottles under one litre across all six sectors — government, traditional villages, businesses, hospitality, education, and markets. Full enforcement at hotels and malls was targeted for January 2026.
The Suwung landfill crisis
Bali’s main landfill has operated for over 40 years. It is now at capacity. Indonesia’s President Prabowo Subianto publicly criticised Bali’s cleanliness in 2025, warning that the island’s global reputation is at stake. Approximately 40% of waste is still burned or dumped illegally. In response, the government is pushing source-based waste management — requiring villages, businesses, and households to sort, compost, and reduce before disposal. Remarkably, 96% of Bali’s 1,500 traditional villages have proactively enacted their own local waste rules.
2026: sachet ban and brand accountability
In mid-2025, the government announced plans to ban small plastic sachet production starting in 2026 — targeting the single-use shampoo, condiment, and coffee packets that make up a large share of river waste. Sungai Watch river audits regularly identify major international beverage and snack brands in waste streams. Western companies with supply chains in Indonesia face growing audit risk — and reputational exposure if their packaging is found in Bali’s rivers.
“Waste reduction is the cheapest option, compared to the far larger future costs of environmental degradation and lost tourism revenue.”
IESR Indonesia — Institute for Essential Services Reform · 2025
— WATER CRISIS
Bali is running out of water
This is not a future warning. It is a present emergency. Bali’s groundwater is being extracted faster than it is replenished. The coastal areas — Seminyak, Kuta, Canggu, Nusa Dua — face salt water intrusion as the freshwater table drops below sea level in some zones.
The Subak irrigation system — Bali’s ancient UNESCO-listed water management network — is under severe stress. It was built to distribute water equitably among rice farmers. Today it competes with hotel pools, golf courses, and bottling plants for the same dwindling supply. In less than a decade, the water table has sunk more than 50 metres in some areas.
The IDEP Foundation and research partners have proposed a network of 136 recharge wells in critical areas to restore aquifers. Technical solutions exist. Political will and enforcement are the gaps.
The Subak system — Bali's ancient answer to water governance
Subak System — bali.international/subak
— GOVERNMENT ACTION • 2024–2026
Policy: from reactive to regenerative
Bali’s government has accelerated its environmental policy at a remarkable pace. These are the key measures now in force or coming into effect.
Official seal of the Province of Bali
| Policy | Date | Detail | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tourism Levy | Feb 2024 | IDR 150,000 (~USD 10) per international visitor, one-time on arrival. Raised USD 19.2M in 2024 — exceeding its USD 15M target. Funds go to conservation, cultural preservation, and waste management. | Live |
| Plastic bottle ban (<1L) | Apr 2025 | Governor Koster’s Circular Letter No. 9 of 2025. Bans small single-use plastic water bottles, cups, and sachets across all six sectors. Full enforcement at hotels and malls from January 2026. | In force |
| Coastal protection law | 2025 | A new provincial law protecting Bali’s coastal regions, enacted in 2025. Restricts construction within defined coastal zones and strengthens environmental oversight of tourism development near the shoreline. | Enacted |
| Visitor screening measures | 2026 | New regulations requiring international visitors to demonstrate financial means and submit activity plans. Aim: shift from high-volume mass tourism to high-quality, longer-stay visitors. Processing through legislation in 2026. | 2026 |
| Sachet production ban | 2026 | Plans announced mid-2025 to ban the production of small plastic sachets (shampoo, condiment, coffee packets). Contested by local manufacturers. Environmental groups pushing for comprehensive coverage. | Proposed |
| Badung revenue sharing | 2026 | Badung regency — Bali’s wealthiest, home to Kuta and Seminyak — will allocate 10% of hotel and restaurant tax revenue to fund six less-developed regencies. A landmark “tourism solidarity” scheme to distribute benefits more equitably. | New |
| Bali Net Zero 2045 | Long-term | The Bali Provincial Government’s declared goal: carbon neutrality by 2045, aligned with the Kerthi Bali economic transformation roadmap. Includes clean energy transition and sustainable tourism infrastructure. | Active |
Governor Koster has set a clear direction: “Green hotels, green malls, green restaurants — that is the future of Bali.” The question in 2026 is enforcement. Rules exist. Monitoring systems lag behind. Local communities — particularly the 1,500 traditional villages — are often ahead of the government in implementation.
— NGOs & CIVIL SOCIETY
The organisations doing the work
NGOs in Bali are not filling gaps in government policy. They are leading it — collecting the data, building the models, and proving what is possible before regulation catches up. Several of Bali’s most effective environmental organisations will be featured in the Bali International Directory.
Sungai Watch
Founded by the Bencheghib siblings. Over 180 floating river barriers now intercept plastic before it reaches the sea. By 2025, Sungai Watch had collected close to 1.5 million kg of plastic waste. Their 2024 Impact Report is the most detailed river waste dataset available for Bali — identifying international brand packaging in waste streams and pushing for corporate accountability.
Bye Bye Plastic Bags
Sisters Melati and Isabel Wijsen founded BBPB in 2013, aged 10 and 12. Their campaign directly achieved Bali’s 2019 plastic bag ban. They have since reached over 1 million young people globally through education and advocacy. Melati’s follow-on platform, Youthtopia, offers free peer-to-peer learning for young changemakers worldwide. byebyeplasticbags.orgIDEP Foundation
Pioneering permaculture and community resilience in Bali since 1999. IDEP has proposed a network of 136 aquifer recharge wells to combat the water crisis. They train villages in water management, food security, and disaster preparedness — blending traditional Balinese knowledge with practical environmental science.
Eco Bali Recycling
Eco Bali offers collection and recycling services to homes, schools, and businesses across the island — especially in underserved areas. They reduce landfill reliance through composting programmes and plastic recycling education, complementing the government’s source-based management push.
Find sustainable businesses and NGOs in our directory
Bali International Directory — bali.international/directory
— LATEST DEVELOPMENTS • 2025–2026
What is happening right now
Multi-tiered tourist tax enforcement accelerates
Indonesia intensifies enforcement of the IDR 150,000 Bali tourism levy as part of a broader regenerative tourism strategy. Officials emphasise quality over volume — 15.39 million national arrivals in 2025, but the focus has shifted to Tourism 5.0 principles: restore ecosystems, support local culture, and build long-term economic resilience. A digital traveller tracking system is under development.
Peer-reviewed research confirms overtourism governance failures
A study published in Societies (MDPI, February 2026) documented Bali’s overtourism challenges between 2023 and 2024. Key findings: fragmented policy, weak enforcement, and the exclusion of local voices from tourism planning are the core problems — not visitor numbers alone. Community governance and adat village empowerment are identified as the most effective countermeasures.
Visitor screening measures announced for 2026
Bali’s government announced new regulations requiring international visitors to demonstrate financial means and provide activity plans before entry. Governor Koster described the shift explicitly: future growth must be environmentally sustainable. Bali welcomed over 7 million international air arrivals and 71,000 sea arrivals in 2025 — pressure on infrastructure is now the driving policy concern.
Bali bans small plastic water bottles
Governor Koster’s Circular Letter No. 9 of 2025 banned single-use plastic containers under one litre across all six sectors. Environmentalists welcomed the ban but called simultaneously for investment in refill infrastructure — bottle refill stations at airports, attractions, and public spaces. The RefillMyBottle app already maps thousands of refill points across Bali.
Badung launches tourism revenue solidarity scheme
— FOR CONSCIOUS VISITORS
How to travel Bali responsibly in 2026
Sustainable travel in Bali is no longer optional. The regulations are arriving. The environmental reality demands it. Here is how to be a good guest on this island.
Ditch single-use bottles
Pay the tourism levy
Choose green-certified stays
Join a cleanup
Spend beyond South Bali
Respect ceremony and culture
— LOOKING FORWARD
From sustainable to regenerative
Sustainability asks: can we keep doing this without making things worse? Regenerative tourism asks a bigger question: can tourism actively make things better? Bali is beginning to answer the second question.
The shift is visible in policy, language, and practice. Indonesia’s Tourism 5.0 framework calls explicitly for regenerative principles — tourism that restores ecosystems, strengthens cultural identity, and improves resident wellbeing. The Kerthi Bali 2045 roadmap builds economic diversification into the island’s long-term development plan, reducing the single-sector dependence that made Bali so vulnerable.
The NGO community is ahead of the government on most fronts. Sungai Watch has built data infrastructure that major corporations and governments now rely on. Bye Bye Plastic Bags moved from youth campaign to global movement in a decade. The IDEP Foundation has quietly been training villages in water resilience for 25 years. These organisations are not supplements to official policy. They are the proof of concept.
The water crisis remains the most urgent unresolved challenge. Without meaningful groundwater restoration and dramatically reduced tourist water consumption, Bali faces a supply crisis within this decade. The 136 recharge well proposal needs funding and political urgency — not just technical approval.
For conscious travelers, development professionals, and the global creative community that calls Bali home for months at a time: the island needs you to be part of the solution. Choose well. Spend wisely. Stay longer, move slower, go further from the tourist belt. That is what regenerative travel looks like in practice.
At Bali International, we will continue documenting this story — and the organisations, businesses, and communities writing the next chapter. The Directory is growing. More listings, more NGOs, more conscious enterprises are coming.
Sources & links
Tourism Policy & Latest News
travelandtourworld.com/news/article/0rhvdz7388a4/
travelandtourworld.com — Bali tourism regulations 2026
travelandtourworld.com — Bali stricter entry 2026
godulu.com/news/bali-overtourism-2025/
mdpi.com/2075-4698/16/2/65
travelandtourworld.com — Tourism levy 2024 results
Plastic Crisis & Bans
indoneo.com/earth/bali-landfill-capacity-plastic-bans-tourism/
packaginginsights.com/news/bali-plastic-water-bottle-ban.html
balionfoot.com — Plastic Pollution Bali 2026
oceangardener.org — Plastic Problem 2025
zsoltzsemba.com/bali-garbage-crisis-2026/
asia-pacific-solidarity.net — Rivers, Rituals and Rubbish
iesr.or.id/en/solutions-to-balis-waste-crisis
Water Crisis
learningenglish.voanews.com — Bali Water Crisis
idepfoundation.org/news/bali-water-crisis-researchers-find-solution
nationalobserver.com — Bali tipping point water
NGOs
sungaiwatch.com
byebyeplasticbags.org/about/
idepfoundation.org
atmos.earth — Sungai Watch feature
Poverty & Statistics
bali.bps.go.id — Poverty Profile 2024
bps.go.id — Poverty Rate 2025
Bali International — Related Pages
bali.international/global-development/
bali.international/arts-culture/
bali.international/subak/
redyellowblue.org/global-development/